Clarification: Where the [uN] features go.

I’ve talked to a couple of people about this, so let me post something more generally to everyone to try to clarify where all the [uN] features should go in verbal constructions.

We split verbs up into several categories based on the number and type of the arguments they require. For example, intransitive verbs, which require one argument, transitive verbs, which require two, and ditransitive verbs, which require three.

The way we encode these “requirements” is by positing uninterpretable category features on the heads in the tree. So, a clause that has an intransitive verb should have one [uN] feature associated with the verb, a clause that has a transitive verb should have two [uN] features.

However, we also have refined a couple of other relevant notions. For one thing, a “verb” is really the combination of two heads drawn from the lexicon: the “big V” and the “little v.” So, when we say that a transitive verb has two [uN] features associated with the verb, that means that between V and v, there should be two [uN] features.

We also have adopted the UTAH, which, among other things, says that if one of the arguments of the verb is an Agent, then it belongs in the specifier of vP. The only way for this to happen is if the [uN] feature that is checked when you Merge the Agent was on the v (and not on the V). It can’t have been on the V, because you can’t have finished the VP and merged v if it was still unchecked.

So, for most transitive verbs, where you have an Agent and a Theme, the two [uN] features on the verb are distributed with one [uN] feature on the v, and one [uN] feature on the V. And, in general, again: Any verb that has an Agent will have one [uN] feature on v.

That means, among other things, that the intransitive verbs that have just an agent (the unergative verbs, like dance, walk, swim) have no [uN] features on V, and one [uN] feature on v.

The other class of intransitive verbs, those that have just a Theme (the unaccusatives), do not have an Agent and thus do not have any [uN] features on v, they just have one [uN] feature on V.

Working with people on homework assignments

I just realized that I keep forgetting to say anything about this in class. I’ll still try to do so. However: you may want to work together with other students in the class on the homework assignments. Great! I definitely encourage that. Not only does it make the experience slightly more fun, but it also can really help to talk things through with other people.

The only ground rules are these: (1) Even if you talk through the assignment with others, you each need to write it up yourselves, separately. (2) Indicate at the top of the homework assignment who you were working with.

Several of you have been doing this already, and that’s good. But it’s an option that’s open to everyone, and I’d recommend it.

Textbook errata

David Adger has a list of errata for the textbook that used to be online (now it seems to be only accessible via archive.org—thanks archive.org!).

It might be worth keeping this onhand when you are reading, and I’ll try to announce any other relevant errors here as they come up. Let me know if you see some, though.

Noam Chomsky, Authors@Google

There’s an interesting video on YouTube of Noam Chomsky talking about the current basic understanding of what “Universal Grammar” is. It’s good—in fact, I’m considering making it part of your homework to watch it. But if you want to watch it anyway ahead of time, here is a link to it.

Authors@Google talk (YouTube) (closed captioning available, mostly1 accurate)

The relevant parts here (the talk also contains a fair bit of political discussion as well) are:

  • 2:48 to 16:36: Universal Grammar
  • 50:07 to 53:20: Is txting hurting English?

1The errors I noticed in the closed captioning are below (though there are probably other errors I missed):

  • 6:31: may have never been uttered in the history
  • 9:04: that there are fixed principles which are really invariant
  • 10:48: near self-contradiction (not “knee-yourself contradiction”)

Homework 0

Here’s the first “homework”, just a couple of demographic questions for you. You can email your answers to me. If I did it right, you can click here to start your email with the questions already there. But the questions are:

What other Linguistics courses (or related courses) have you taken?

What are your (actual or planned) major/minors?

What languages (other than English) do you know, and how well?

What language(s) did you grow up speaking?

Do you prefer to be called something other than what I see in the class list?1

Anything else that seems relevant?


1Within reason, that is. “Your Excellence” is not a valid answer here.